How To Create A Hydroponic Garden

How to Build a Hydroponic Garden

Some say that hydroponic gardening is the future of gardening and farming. Save space and increase your crop yield by learning how to build a hydroponic garden yourself.

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Ditch the dirt and try hydroponic gardening—growing plants without soil. There are two methods of hydroponic gardening: Either roots are submerged directly in nutrient-enriched water, or the plant is grown in a container filled with a soilless mixture of perlite, sand, and/or coconut fiber. This container is then submerged into or suspended above a water-filled reservoir.

rectangular planter with herbs and vases on white table

Smart products, like this hydroponic garden, regulate the water and light levels of your indoor plants and keep garden messes to a minimum. Photo by Jacob Fox.

While just about any type of plant can be grown hydroponically, the technique is most often used for growing vegetables or herbs. Benefits of hydroponics include larger harvests, faster growth, and less trouble with pests, disease, or outdoor growing conditions.

If you'd like to try this soilless method of gardening, you can purchase one of the many hydroponic kits, like this AeroGarden Classic, $159.95 on Amazon, for home use or create one yourself. Here are the basics of hydroponic gardening.

inside planter displaying roots illustration

A flood and drain hydroponic system doesn't leave roots sitting in water but releases water from underneath so roots can soak up what they need. Illustration by Chip Nadeau.

Types of Hydroponic Water Systems

There are three basic types of hydroponic grow systems. The simplest type of hydroponic garden is a wick system. In this very basic hydroponic water system, a wick connects the planting container and the water reservoir, providing a steady source of nutrient-rich water to the plants' roots. This is an easy system to DIY but is only suitable for small plants such as microgreens or herbs.

Flood and drain hydroponic systems require a submersible pump but are still fairly simple to create. The plant containers sit in a shallow tray or grow tube suspended over a reservoir filled with hydroponic nutrients. Periodically, the tray is flooded with water from the reservoir, thus allowing the plants to soak in nutrients through the drain holes in the bottoms of the containers. After a set period, the water drains back into the reservoir. This prevents root rot caused by excessive moisture. Usually, the system floods and drains two to four times each day.

In a water culture hydroponic system, the plants' roots are continuously in the nutrient-rich water of the hydroponic tank. Planted containers float on a "raft" in the reservoir or are suspended directly overhead so the roots extend down into the water. A small bubbler—such as those used in fish tanks—aerates the water and prevents it from becoming stagnant. This is one of the easiest DIY hydroponic grow systems and works well for lettuce, herbs, and other lightweight crops.

Caring for Your Hydroponic Garden

Once you've set up your hydroponic kit or built your own grow system, installed your lights, and planted your crops, it's time for basic maintenance.

Add hydroponic nutrients to the water reservoir, following the directions on your particular brand. There are many available in both liquid and powder form.
Fill the water reservoir with filtered—not tap—water. Tap water often contains fluoride and other elements that might harm your plants.
The ideal water temperature for your hydroponic garden is 65 to 75 degrees F, with a pH level between 5.7 and 6.3.
Keep the water moving in the reservoir with a bubbler or pump, like this Hydrofarm Submersible Water Pump, $51.41 on Amazon, to prevent stagnant water and bacterial growth.
Empty, clean, and refill your hydroponic nutrient reservoir every two weeks.

Basil Ocimum basilicum

Photo by Peter Krumhardt.

Choosing Your Crops for Hydroponic Gardening

If you're a newbie to the world of hydroponic gardening or only have enough space for a very small system, it's best to start with the plants that are easiest to grow in this method. As a general rule, plants with shallow root systems do very well in hydroponic grow systems. Consider a hydroponic herb garden of dill, basil, oregano, cilantro, and/or parsley. Leafy greens are also great choices: Lettuce of all types, kale, chard, watercress, and spinach are all healthy, tasty, and easy to grow.

If you have a large growing area or want to experiment with slightly larger and more challenging crops, consider tomatoes, peppers, strawberries, celery, or bok choy.

Using Grow Lights

As hydroponic systems are usually indoors, one of the most basic requirements is light. For almost all hydroponic gardeners, grow lights are necessary for maintaining a healthy garden.

There are several different types of bulbs used as hydroponic grow lights, but for the beginner with a relatively small budget, fluorescent tubes are a great choice. For a large garden, you'll want full-length fluorescent grow lights in the 6500K range, like this Fluorescent Grow Light, $51.99 on Amazon. For smaller gardens, however, or if you aim to save money, compact fluorescent bulbs provide lots of light and are easy to use. You'll need to direct the light towards your hydroponic seedlings with a plastic or metal grow light reflector or shield.

Serious hydroponic gardeners with large setups and big budgets typically choose LED grow lights or high-intensity discharge (HID) lights, but these are considerably more expensive than fluorescent bulbs.

As a general rule, your grow lights should be on for 15 to 20 hours each day.

How To Create A Hydroponic Garden

Source: https://www.bhg.com/gardening/design/projects/how-to-build-a-hydroponic-garden/#:~:text=There%20are%20two%20methods%20of,above%20a%20water%2Dfilled%20reservoir.

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